ISA ISA-IEC-62443 Exam Questions & Answers

Correct Answer: AD

Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) are both commonly used protocols for managing secure data transmission on the Internet. DTLS is a variant of SSL that is designed to work over datagram protocols such as UDP, which are used for real-time applications such as voice and video. SSL is a protocol that provides encryption, authentication, and integrity for data transmitted over TCP, which is used for reliable and ordered delivery of data. Both DTLS and SSL use certificates and asymmetric cryptography to establish a secure session between the communicatingparties, and then use symmetric cryptography to encrypt the data exchanged. DTLS and SSL are widely used in web browsers, email clients, VPNs, and other applications that require secure communication over the Internet. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, Module 3: Introduction to Cryptography, pages 3-5 to 3-7 Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control System, Chapter 6: Securing Communications, pages 125-126

Correct Answer: D

Defense in depth is a concept of cybersecurity that involves applying multiple layers of protection to a system or network, so that if one layer fails, another layer can prevent or mitigate an attack. Defense in depth is based on the principle that no single security measure is perfect or sufficient, and that multiple countermeasures can provide redundancy and diversity of defense. Defense in depth can also increase the cost and complexity for an attacker, as they have to overcome more obstacles and exploit more vulnerabilities to achieve their goals. Defense in depth is one of the key concepts of the ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards, which provide guidance and best practices for securing industrial automation and control systems (IACS). The standards recommend applying defense in depth strategies at different levels of an IACS, such as the network, the system, the component, and the policy and procedure level. The standards also define different zones and conduits within an IACS, which are logical or physical groupings of assets that share common security requirements and risk levels. By applying defense in depth strategies to each zone and conduit, the security of the entire IACS can be improved. References: ISA/IEC 62443-1-1:2009, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 1-1: Terminology, concepts and models1 ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-3: System security requirements and security levels2 ISA/IEC 62443-4-1:2018, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-1: Product security development life-cycle requirements3 ISA/IEC 62443-4-2:2019, Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-2: Technical security requirements for IACS components4

Correct Answer: C

Periodic audits are an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 cybersecurity standards, as they help to verify the effectiveness and compliance of the security program. According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, periodic audits should be conducted to evaluate the following aspects1: The security policies and procedures are consistent with the security requirements and objectives of the organization The security policies and procedures are implemented and enforced in accordance with the security program The security policies and procedures are reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the threat landscape, the IACS environment, and the business needs The security performance indicators and metrics are measured and reported to the relevant stakeholders The security incidents and vulnerabilities are identified, analyzed, and resolved in a timely manner The security awareness and training programs are effective and aligned with the security roles and responsibilities of the personnel The security audits and assessments are conducted by qualified and independent auditors The security audit and assessment results are documented and communicated to the appropriate parties The security audit and assessment findings and recommendations are addressed and implemented in a prioritized and systematic way Periodic audits are not only a means to meet regulations or adhere to a schedule, but also a way to validate that the security policies and procedures are performing as intended and achieving the desired security outcomes. Periodic audits also help to identify gaps and weaknesses in the security program and provide opportunities for improvement and enhancement. References: Periodic audits are an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 cybersecurity standards, as they help to verify the effectiveness and compliance of the security program. According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, periodic audits should be conducted to evaluate the following aspects1: The security policies and procedures are consistent with the security requirements and objectives of the organization The security policies and procedures are implemented and enforced in accordance with the security program The security policies and procedures are reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the threat landscape, the IACS environment, and the business needs The security performance indicators and metrics are measured and reported to the relevant stakeholders The security incidents and vulnerabilities are identified, analyzed, and resolved in a timely manner The security awareness and training programs are effective and aligned with the security roles and responsibilities of the personnel The security audits and assessments are conducted by qualified and independent auditors The security audit and assessment results are documented and communicated to the appropriate parties The security audit and assessment findings and recommendations are addressed and implemented in a prioritized and systematic way Periodic audits are not only a means to meet regulations or adhere to a schedule, but also a way to validate that the security policies and procedures are performing as intended and achieving the desired security outcomes. Periodic audits also help to identify gaps and weaknesses in the security program and provide opportunities for improvement and enhancement. References: